Ordovician period
505 to 438 million years ago

500 MILLION YEARS AGO

 

The world is believed to be very warm at this time. Much of the polar ice caps have melted raising sea levels to the point where almost the entire planet was covered with water.

In the atmosphere, the level of oxygen rose sufficiently for the Sun's powerful ultraviolet rays to convert a fraction of the oxygen into ozone in the upper atmosphere.

Ozone is an important substance for it helps to shield living organisms from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light (which is considered by some scientists as one of the most important factors in shortening the lifespan of all living organisms). Without ozone, life, especially for the animals, would probably not have reached out and made the first tentative steps on dry land.

According to computer studies on the development of the ozone layer in prehistoric times, the first animals to ever set foot(?) onto dry land probably appeared at about this time in swampy and heavily protected areas.

 

480 MILLION YEARS AGO

 
Much of Australia is covered by water.

 

440 MILLION YEARS AGO

 
The first known major extinction of animals and flora occurred of which around 85 per cent of all species and up to 60 per cent of genera perished. Even the highly successful creatures called the trilobites were not entirely flourishing at the end of this period, but they would continue to survive.

 
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